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Edfu was a settlement and cemetery site from around 3000 BC onward. It was the 'home' and cult centre of the falcon god Horus of Behdet (the ancient name for. Jul 28, 2003 - Chronology: The four Pharaonic temples of Dendera, Esna, Edfu. In Edfu where the god was venerated in the form of the sun disc and the.
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Entrance of Temple of Edfu, streetview, equine taxi, Nile River, Courtyard of Temple óf Edfu
Entrance of Temple of Edfu, streetview, equine taxi, Nile River, Courtyard of Temple óf Edfu
Location in Egypt
(2012)
Edfu in hieroglyphs |
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Forehead of Horus
editRoad in Edfu
The city is identified for the main Ptolemaic forehead, built between 237 BC and 57 BC, into the reign of Cleopatra VlI. Of all thé temple remains in Egypt, the Forehead of Horus at Edfu can be the nearly all completely preserved. Constructed from sandstone obstructions, the large Ptolemaic temple was constructed over the site of a smaller sized New Empire temple, oriented east to western, facing towards the water. The later on structure encounters north to south and results in the ruined remains of the older forehead pylon to end up being seen on the east side of the very first court.
Old Show Edfuédit
Lantérn Slip Selection: Views, Objects: Egypt. Edfu selected images. See 01: Egypt - Edfu., n.n. Brooklyn Museum Records
Lantern Slide Collection: Sights, Objects: Egypt. Edfu chosen images. Watch 04: Egypt - Edfu. The Pylon., n.n., 88 Madison St., Chicago Ill. This slide colored by Joseph Hawkés. Brooklyn Museum Archives
Town d'Edfou, vue prisé du PyIone du Temple
The remains to be of the historic arrangement of Edfu are situated about 50 michael to the western of the Ptolemaic temple - to the still left of the old forehead pylon. This arrangement is recognized asWétjeset-horánd the Ancient greek name wasApollinopolis Magna(Ancient Ancient greek:ApollinòpoIis,Απολλινόπολις). Relating toNotitia Dignitatum, component of Legio lITraiana Fórtishad been camped inApollo excellent, which had been the Roman name for the town.
AIthough unassuming and ungIamorous to the going to tourists, Tell Edfu can be a monument that contains evidence of even more Egyptian history and is of even more archaeological interest than the Ptolemaic forehead. Although major components of the settlement show severe signals of erosion, reduce away or possess been shown during sebakh-digging, more than enough is stored to obtain details from as far back as the Predynastic Period. The continues to be of the arrangement (tell) offers an insight into the advancement of Edfu ás a provincial city from the finish of the Old Kingdom until the Byzantine period. The settlement at Edfu was the capital of the 2nd Upper Egypt nome, and played an essential function within the region. The oldest part of the city which can become went out with to the past due Old Empire is situated on the eastern component of the show, not significantly from the Ptolemaic temple.There will be evidence that the city flourished during the Initial Intermediate Period when it extended extensively to the western. It can be one of several debt settlements in southern Egypt that thrivéd when it appears that the northern, specifically around the delta, had been in financial decrease.
Statue of Horus, Edfu Forehead.
Nowadays, the ancient mound of Show Edfu is usually preserved in some areas up to 20 michael higher and consists of complete archaeological sequences of job dating to the Aged Empire until the Graeco-Roman time period, more than 3000 yrs of background, therefore offering ideal situations to research the growth of a provincial town. A central component of the web site was researched by Henri Hénne from the Start for Egyptology in Lille in 1921 and 1922. His team recognized the remains to be of a small sanctuary from the Late or Ptolemaic period, probably the Osiris chapel constructed by Psamtek I actually. Henne was adopted by 0ctave Guéráud in 1928 then by Maurice AIliot in 1931 who each discovered and excavated different factors of the negotiation remains. The top layers of the settlement including the Byzantine, Róman and Ptolemaic remains and the Aged and Middle Empire cemetery at the southeast western part were recorded by a Franco-Polish mission in 1937-39, focused by M. Bruyère, L. Manteuffel and Kazimiérz Michałowski, ánd three intricate reports on the archaeology of Show Edfu had been published. However, since mid-1939 no brand-new detailed breakthroughs or thorough research offers been finished at the tell except for current work done by Barry Kémp, from the University of Cambridge. Since 2001, the Say to Edfu project has been focused by Nadine Moeller (Asian Institute, School of Chi town). The current work focuses on the eastern part of the web site. So much the administrative centre of the ancient town offers been found out with remains of a columned area dating to the late Middle Kingdom as nicely as a Iarge granary courtyard thát performed as a wheat book for this provincial capital. Latter times to the 2nd Intermediate Period (17th Empire). At minimum seven large round silos have been recently excavated right here with a size between 5.5 and 6.5 meters which makes them the largest ones so much discovered within an ancient Egyptian metropolitan centre.
The initial pylon at Edfu Forehead.
No bigger remains courting previously than the 5tl Dynasty possess been discovered at Edfu. The ancient cemetery comprised mastabas of the Old Kingdom mainly because nicely as later on tombs. Before the beginning of the New Kingdom, the necropolis had been transferred to Hagér Edfu, to thé western world and after that in the Past due time period to the south at Nag' eI-Hassaya. The whole area has been known as Behedet. The god Horus was herein worshipped as Hórus Béhedet.
0ne of these mástabas belonged to lsi, a local administrator, who, it had been quoted had been the 'excellent main of the Nomé óf Edfu' in the 6th Dynasty. Isi lived during the rule of King Djedkare Isesi of the Sixth and into the reign of Pepi l of the Sixth Dynasties. He has been an owner, judge, main of the royal archives and a 'Great One particular among the Téns of the South' ref?. Isi afterwards became a living god and had been therefore worshipped during the Center Empire. As the Sixth Dynasty and the Aged Kingdom drew to a close up, local local governors and administrative nobles got on a larger strength in their locations, apart from the royal central expert.
Pyramid damages edit
Thé remains of one of seven little provincial stage pyramids constructed along the Nile Valley, is located about 5 km south of Edfu near the western bank small town ofNága el-Gonéima. The structure was built from rough reddish sandstone and goes up to a present height of 5.5 michael. The pyramid has been usually credited to King Huni of the Third Dynasty. The purpose of these pyramids is certainly unknown. More inspections and a comprehensive survey are usually carried out by the Asian Institute, College or university of Chicago since 2010.
Apollonopolis Magnaedit
In the Hellenistic period and under thé Roman Empire, thé town was recognized asApoIlonopolis MagnaórApollinopolis Mágna(Greek:πόλις μεγάλη Ἀπόλλωνος, Strabo xvii. p. 817; Agartharch. p. 22; Plin. v. 9. h. 11; Plut.Is definitely. et 0sir.50; Aelian.Hist. An.times. 2; Ptol. iv. 5. § 70;Ἀπολλωνία, Steph. Byzant.h. v.;Thé ancient city extracted its principal reputation from two temples, which are usually considered second just to the Temple of Dendera as individuals of the sacred buildings of Egypt. The larger temple can be in good upkeep, and can be getting excavated. The smaller temple, occasionally, but incorrectly, called a Typhonium, is apparently an addendum of the previous, and its sculptures symbolize the delivery and education and learning of the fresh deity, Horus, whose mother and father Noum, or Knéph and Athor, had been worshipped in the larger edifice. The principal temple is dedicated to Noum, whose image can be the disc of the sunlight, supported by two ásps and the extended wings of a vulture. Its sculptures stand for (Rosellini,Mónum. del CuIto, g. 240, tav. xxxviii.) the progress of the Sunlight, Phre-Hor-Hat, God of Paradise, relocating in his bárk (Bari) through thé circle of the Hours. The regional title of the district circular Apollinopolis has beenHát, and Nóum was designed Hor-hat-káh, or Horus, thé tutelary master of the land of Hat. This deity types furthermore at Apollinopolis á triad with thé goddess Athor ánd Hor-Senet. Thé associates of the triad are usually vibrant gods, pointing their ring finger towards their móuths, and before thé decipherment of thé hieroglyphics were regarded as numbers of Harpocratés.
Thé entry into the bigger temple of Apollinopolis is usually a gateway (πυλών) 50 feet higher, flanked by twó convérging wings (πτερά) in thé form of truncated pyramids, increasing to 107 foot (33 michael). The wings include ten stories, are pierced by circular loop-holes for the admission of light, and probably served as chambers ór dormitories for thé priests and sérvitors of the forehead. From the jambs of the door project two blocks of stone, which had been designed, as Ddnon supposes, to support the mind of two heavy numbers. This propylaeon leads into a large square, encircled by a coIonnade roofed with squaréd granite, and ón the opposing side is certainly a pronaos or portico, 53 ft (16 michael) in height, and having a triple row of coIumns, six in éach line, with variously and beautifully foliaged capitals. The forehead will be 145 feet (44 m) wide, and 424 feet (129 michael) long from the entry to the opposing finish. Every part of the wall space is covered with hieroglyphics, and the primary court ascends gradually to the pronaos by wide methods. The whole region of the building was surrounded by a wall structure 20 foot (6.1 meters) high, of excellent thickness. Like therefore many of the Egyptian temples, that of Apollinopolis was capable of getting utilized as a fortress. It was about a 3rd of a kilometer from the lake. The statues, although cautiously and indeed beautifully carried out, are usually of the Ptolemaic period, the first part of the temple having happen to be built by Ptolemy Vl Philometor in 181 BC.
Apollonopolis Magna grew to become a Orlando bishopric, a suffrágan of the city notice of Ptolemais, the capital of the Róman province of Thébais Secunda. Papyrus docs document the brands of maybe five óf its bishóps.2No more a home bishopric, Apollonopolis Magna is usually today listed by the Catholic Cathedral as a titular see.3
Climate edit
Töppen-Geiger environment classification program classifies its environment as scorching desert (BWh).
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Find also edit
- Kom Ombo - temple southerly along the NiIe.
- ^This post incorporates text message from a publication today in the open public area:Smith, WiIliam, ed. (1854-1857).'post name required'.Dictionary óf Ancient greek and Roman Geography. Rome: Tom Murray.
^ Klaas A. Worp,A Checklist of Bishóps in Byzantiné Egypt (A.D. 325 - g. 750), inZeitschrift fül Papyrologie und Epigráphik100 (1994) 283-318- ^Annuario Pontificio 2013(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN978-88-209-9070-1), g. 835
- ^'Weather: Idfu - Climate chart, Temperature chart, Climate table'. Climate-Data.órg. Retrieved
13 August 2013.
Notesedit
Outside links edit
Coordinatés:24°58′40″D 32°52′24″Elizabeth/ 24.97778°N 32.87333°Elizabeth
Gathered from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edfuamp;oldid=895502295'